KBUNET Whitepaper

A Reputation-Based Blockchain Platform with Proof of Active Support Consensus

Version 1.1 • August 2025

Table of Contents

KBUNET introduces a novel blockchain architecture that combines reputation-based governance with an innovative Proof of Active Support (PoAS) consensus mechanism. Built on a modified Bitcoin Core (v.27.99), the platform addresses key challenges in blockchain scalability, governance, and economic sustainability through a multi-tiered system of Users, Candidates, Senators, and Organizations.

The network features dynamic supply control, profile-based digital identity, and a sophisticated reward distribution system that incentivizes long-term participation and quality contributions.

Keywords:

Blockchain, Proof of Active Support, Reputation System, Governance, Digital Identity, Consensus Mechanism

Background & Problem Statement

Current Limitations:

  • Energy Inefficiency: PoW requires massive computational resources
  • Wealth Concentration: PoS systems favor large stakeholders
  • Governance Deficits: Limited community decision-making
  • Identity Challenges: Lack of verifiable digital identity
  • Economic Unsustainability: Inflationary models

KBUNET Solutions:

  • Proof of Active Support (PoAS): Energy-efficient consensus
  • Reputation-Based Governance: Multi-tiered reward system
  • Dynamic Economic Model: Adaptive supply control
  • Cryptographic Identity: Decentralized verification
  • Profile-Based Digital Assets: Next-generation NFTs

Core Infrastructure

Built on modified Bitcoin Core (v.27.99) with standard UTXO model, 13 specialized transaction opcodes, VRF-based leader selection, and multi-layered validation.

Network Parameters

  • • Total Supply: 201,000,000 KBUC
  • • Senate Size: 3-100 members
  • • Active Profiles Window: 10,000 blocks
  • • Leadership Threshold: 210,000 KBUC
  • • Senate Threshold: 750,000 KBUC
  • • Organization Threshold: 15,000,000 KBUC
  • • Senate Waiting Time: 90 seconds
  • • Reconfig Timeout: 120 seconds
  • • Epoch Size: 32 blocks

Special Transactions (13 Total)

  • • OP_REPUTATION (192): Burn tokens for RPS
  • • OP_CANDIDATEENTRANCE (195): Join governance
  • • OP_CANDIDATELEAVE (196): Leave candidate pool
  • • OP_SETSIGNINGKEY (197): Set block signing key
  • • OP_CLAIM (203): Reclaim profiles
  • • OP_TRANSFER (204): Transfer ownership
  • • OP_META (205): Set profile metadata
  • • OP_STAKE (206): Insurance/bonding
  • • OP_BID (207): Bid on profiles
  • • OP_BID_RECLAIM (208): Liquidate balance to KBUC
  • • OP_VOTE: Vote (>0) or veto (≤0)
  • • OP_PLATFORM (212): Platform registration
  • • OP_COLLECTGRPS (213): Convert gRPs to balance

Proof of Active Support (PoAS)

PoAS replaces traditional mining with support-based consensus where participants actively support block producers through cryptographic tickets, ensuring energy efficiency and active participation.

Support Ticket System

Coinbase Support Tickets
  • • Broadcasted to network and stored in tickets pool
  • • Can be fetched by leaders for coinbase transactions
  • • Subject to decay mechanism based on block height
  • • Protected against reuse attacks through validation
Transaction-Specific Tickets
  • • Unique to specific transactions (pure hash)
  • • No decay rules - constant value over time
  • • Cannot be reused due to transaction uniqueness
  • • More efficient validation process

Leader Selection & Slashing

Leaders are selected using Verifiable Random Function (VRF) and must sign blocks with designated private keys. The network enforces honest behavior through slashing penalties:

  • • Missed Block: Removal from candidate pool, contribution score -1, RPS slashed
  • • Double-Producing: RPS slashed by 1/3, removal from candidate pool

Specialized Block Types

Standard & SKIP Blocks
  • • Standard: Normal transaction processing
  • • SKIP: Network liveness when leaders fail (90s timeout)
  • • Senate voting mechanism for SKIP block creation
  • • Ensures continuous network operation
RECONFIG & CHECKPOINT
  • • RECONFIG: Senate reconfiguration and partition recovery
  • • CHECKPOINT: Finality at epoch boundaries (32 blocks)
  • • Ticker module coordinates all block types
  • • Adaptive consensus for network conditions

Multi-Tiered Architecture

Users (Tier 1)

  • • Basic network participants
  • • Can mine, transact, and hold profiles
  • • Eligible for lottery rewards
  • • No governance voting rights

Candidates (Tier 2)

  • • Joined via OP_CANDIDATEENTRANCE
  • • Eligible for leader selection
  • • Can cast veto votes on parameter changes
  • • Can be slashed for misbehavior

Senators (Tier 3)

  • • Elite validators with significant reputation
  • • Can cast veto votes on parameter changes
  • • Receive priority in reward distribution
  • • Minimum: 750,000 KBUC equivalent

Organizations (Tier 4)

  • • Highest governance tier
  • • Propose changes to network parameters
  • • Receive substantial rewards for services
  • • Minimum: 15,000,000 KBUC equivalent

Parameter Voting Process

Top-down governance with community veto mechanism:

1
Organization Proposal

Organizations propose parameter changes

2
Veto Period

Candidates+ can cast veto votes

3
Implementation

Auto-adoption if veto threshold not met

Token Economics

Supply Mechanics

  • • Total Supply: 201,000,000 KBUC (max cap)
  • • Dynamic issuance decreases as supply approaches limit
  • • Burn mechanism: tokens burned for reputation points
  • • 1% of burned tokens redistributed to network

Reward Distribution

Leader RewardSubsidy + Fees (All RPS)
Reward Profile ConfigConfigurable via RPC/startup
Lucky SenatorTotal Fees (Balance)
Organization10% of Burned Value
Profile Lottery90% of Burned Value
Contribution Bonus30 KBUC equiv. RPS (after 1,000 blocks)

Reputation Points (RPS)

Earning Mechanisms

  • • Token Burning: Direct purchase of RPS with KBUC
  • • Mining Participation: Creating support tickets generates RPS
  • • Generated RPs (gRPs): 1% to profile owner + 1% to platform when RPS is transferred
  • • Contribution Rewards: After 1,000 successful blocks with halving schedule

Profile System

  • • Master Profiles: Hash of public key, can own other profiles
  • • NFT Profiles: Hash of any content (max 32 bytes hex)
  • • Reputation Score: Accumulated RPS
  • • Metadata: Name, links, application data
  • • Platform Integration: Cross-application compatibility

Reputation Decay

Profiles require periodic maintenance to prevent reputation decay. The system encourages active participation and community support to maintain profile value through the active profiles window of 10,000 blocks.

Implemented Applications

The KBUNET ecosystem includes several fully implemented applications that are currently available to users:

D-Career

Blockchain-powered professional certification and career development platform that allows professionals and institutions to create verified digital CVs, issue NFT-based certificates, and build reputation through Web3 technology.

Visit D-Career →

zpost

A decentralized social media and content sharing platform with reputation-based content curation. The platform enables secure content sharing with blockchain verification and community-driven moderation.

Visit zpost →

w2w-game

Win-to-win mining game that utilizes profile-based achievements and cross-game reputation. Allows players to mine support tickets in mining pool style, manage tools, trade in marketplaces, and engage with a fully-featured Web3 economy.

Play w2w-game →

w3cm

A comprehensive decentralized content creation, verification, and distribution platform. W3CM provides multi-standard support, local content creation, cryptographic security, and standardized templates for different types of content.

Use w3cm →

Lightweight CPU Miner

A device-friendly mining application that allows participation in blockchain consensus without specialized hardware. Features energy-efficient mining, multi-device support, real-time statistics, and fair reward system with bonuses for consistent participation.

Start Mining →

KBUC Wallet & Explorer

Official wallet application for managing KBUC tokens, profiles, and interacting with the KBUNET ecosystem. Includes comprehensive blockchain explorer for viewing transactions, blocks, profiles, and network statistics.

Download Wallet →View Explorer →

Developer Ecosystem

KBUNET provides comprehensive tools for developers including RPC Interface, SDK Libraries, Profile APIs, and Smart Contract Support for building next-generation decentralized applications.

Network Parameters

The network operates with dynamically adjustable parameters via governance. Current values can be retrieved using the getparams RPC command:

Total Supply Limit:201,000,000 KBUC
Senate Size:3-100 members
Active Profiles Window:10,000 blocks
Profile Decay Factor:10
Leadership Threshold:210,000 KBUC
Senate Threshold:750,000 KBUC
Organization Threshold:15,000,000 KBUC
Max Lottery Profiles:10

Transaction Opcodes

Governance & Core Operations

  • • OP_REPUTATION (192) - Burn tokens for RPS
  • • OP_CANDIDATEENTRANCE (195) - Join candidate pool
  • • OP_CANDIDATELEAVE (196) - Leave candidate pool
  • • OP_SETSIGNINGKEY (197) - Set signing key
  • • OP_VOTE (210) - Vote (>0) or veto (≤0)
  • • OP_PLATFORM (212) - Platform registration
  • • OP_COLLECTGRPS (213) - Convert gRPs

Profile & Economic Operations

  • • OP_CLAIM (203) - Reclaim profiles
  • • OP_TRANSFER (204) - Transfer ownership
  • • OP_META (205) - Set metadata
  • • OP_STAKE (206) - Insurance/bonding
  • • OP_BID (207) - Bid on profiles
  • • OP_BID_RECLAIM (208) - Liquidate balance to KBUC

API Documentation

Key RPC Commands

getprofile "profileid"

Returns detailed profile information including RPS, metadata, ownership, rental status, and contribution data

getparams

Returns current network parameters including timing values and thresholds

getauctionedprofiles

Lists profiles currently being auctioned with bid information and expiration data

getprofilesupporters "profileid"

Returns supporters and total RP received by a profile

getownedprofiles "owner"

Lists all profiles owned by a specific owner with pagination

Development Roadmap

Phase 1: Core Implementation ✅ Completed

  • ✅ Consensus mechanism development
  • ✅ Profile system implementation
  • ✅ Governance framework
  • ✅ Security auditing
  • ✅ Core applications deployment

Phase 2: Application Layer (Current)

  • ✅ dCareer platform development
  • ✅ w2w-game integration
  • ✅ zpost social platform
  • ✅ w3cm content management
  • ✅ KBUC Wallet implementation
  • ✅ Block Explorer deployment
  • 🔄 Zero-Knowledge Proof integration
  • 🔄 Post-quantum cryptographic algorithms

Phase 3: Ecosystem Expansion (Planned)

  • ⏳ Advanced developer tools and SDKs
  • ⏳ Third-party integrations and partnerships
  • ⏳ Cross-chain bridges and interoperability
  • ⏳ Mobile applications optimization
  • ⏳ Enterprise solutions and APIs

Research Directions

🔄 Post-Quantum Security

Implementation of post-quantum cryptographic algorithms for future-proof security

🔄 Zero-Knowledge Proofs

Enhanced authentication into applications with privacy preservation

⏳ Cross-Chain Interoperability

Bridges and communication protocols for multi-chain ecosystem

⏳ Enterprise Integration

Tools and APIs for institutional adoption and traditional system integration

Conclusion

KBUNET represents a significant advancement in blockchain technology, addressing fundamental challenges in consensus, governance, and economic sustainability. Through its innovative Proof of Active Support mechanism, multi-tiered governance system, and reputation-based economics, the platform creates a more equitable and sustainable blockchain ecosystem.

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